Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
The official national motto of Indonesia is Bhinneka Tunggal Ika which is Old Javanese and is often loosely translated as 'Unity in Diversity' but literally it means '(Although) in pieces, yet One'. It is stated in the national symbol, Garuda Pancasila (as written on the scroll gripped by Garuda's leg), and in the principal national constitution of Indonesia, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, on 2nd revision, part 36A.
This is a quotation from an Old Javanese poem kakawin Sutasoma, written by Mpu Tantular during the reign of the Majapahit empire sometime in the 14th century. Kakawin or Kawya, are epic poems written in Indian metres.
This poem is notable as it promotes tolerance between Hindus (Shivaites) and Buddhists.
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[edit] Original
This quotation comes from canto 139, stanza 5. The full stanza reads as follows:
- Rwâneka dhâtu winuwus Buddha Wiswa,
- Bhinnêki rakwa ring apan kena parwanosen,
- Mangka ng Jinatwa kalawan Siwatatwa tunggal,
- Bhinnêka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa.
[edit] Translation
- It is said that the well-known Buddha and Shiva are two different substances.
- They are indeed different, yet how is it possible to recognise their difference in a glance,
- since the truth of Jina (Buddha) and the truth of Shiva is one.
- They are indeed different, but they are of the same kind, as there is no duality in Truth.
This translation is based, with minor adaptations, on the critical text edition by Dr. Soewito Santoso.
- Santoso, Soewito Sutasoma, a Study in Old Javanese Wajrayana 1975:578. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture.
